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目的了解中国五个县扩大免疫规划实施前后儿童风疹抗体水平变化,为完善中国风疹疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法在中国5个县抽取2001年、2005年和2009年出生的健康常住儿童进行风疹血清流行病学调查,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测风疹IgG抗体,分析抗体阳性率、几何平均浓度(GMC)及其影响因素。结果共调查452名儿童,2001年、2005年和2009年出生儿童的风疹IgG抗体阳性率分别为94.56%、93.42%、94.12%(χ~2=0.18,P=0.916),GMC分别为135.02IU/ml、116.32IU/ml、139.92IU/ml(F=2.34,P=0.097)。儿童风疹抗体阳性率和抗体GMC随含风疹成分疫苗(RCV)接种剂次数而显著升高。随着采血时间与RCV接种时间间隔的增大,风疹抗体阳性率无显著下降,而GMC有显著下降,但大于20IU/ml。结论中国五个县扩大免疫规划实施前后儿童风疹抗体水平无显著变化,接种RCV是维持儿童风疹抗体高水平的重要因素,需继续巩固现行RCV免疫策略。
Objective To understand the changes of rubella antibody levels in children before and after the implementation of the expanded immunization program in five counties of China to provide evidences for improving the immunization strategy of rubella vaccine in China. Methods The epidemiological investigation of rubella was conducted in healthy children born in 2001, 2005 and 2009 in 5 counties of China. Rubella IgG was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the antibody positive rate, geometric mean concentration (GMC) And its influencing factors. Results A total of 452 children were investigated. The positive rates of rubella IgG antibodies in children born in 2001, 2005 and 2009 were 94.56%, 93.42% and 94.12%, respectively (χ ~ 2 = 0.18, P = 0.916) / ml, 116.32 IU / ml, 139.92 IU / ml (F = 2.34, P = 0.097). Children rubella antibody positive rate and antibody GMC with rubella component vaccine (RCV) vaccination frequency was significantly increased. With the increase of blood sampling time and RCV inoculation interval, the positive rate of rubella antibody was not significantly decreased, but the GMC decreased significantly, but greater than 20IU / ml. Conclusion There was no significant change in rubella antibody levels in children before and after the implementation of the expanded immunization program in five counties of China. RCV vaccination is an important factor in maintaining the high level of rubella antibody in children, and needs to continue to reinforce the current RCV immunization strategy.