【摘 要】
：
相对于第二次世界大战期间侵华日军南京暴行,纳粹屠杀的研究成果更为丰富、多样和体系化,研究范式经历了从"极权主义"到"结构主义",再到"魅力权威"的转变.这一转变将加害者从
【机 构】
：
英国南安普敦大学,人文学院,Highfield Southampton SO17 1BF U.K江苏省行政学院,国际问题研究中心,南京,210004;
【出 处】
：
南京大学学报（哲学·人文科学·社会科学）
论文部分内容阅读
相对于第二次世界大战期间侵华日军南京暴行,纳粹屠杀的研究成果更为丰富、多样和体系化,研究范式经历了从"极权主义"到"结构主义",再到"魅力权威"的转变.这一转变将加害者从希特勒及纳粹领导层扩展到整个德国社会,进而产生了颠覆性的结果,即第三帝国的犯罪不仅是大规模受害者意义上的"大",而且还在于参与者的多;这一转变还揭示纳粹屠杀的受害者不仅仅是犹太人,还包括境内外大量的非犹太人.这一事实表明除了反犹主义外,第三帝国的系列意识形态信条,如民族主义、殖民主义等构造了众多德国人愿意参与纳粹犯罪的条件.民族主义的心态和认同导致了受害者和加害者之间共有的人性感的降低,进而导致后者的道德标准的丧失;殖民活动与种族上的"他者"的出现使优越感和轻蔑的态度盛行,这些心态提供了纳粹屠杀和南京暴行比较研究的重要起点,而殖民地经历及暴力制度文化则是比较研究的重要内容.
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