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目的:探讨一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）吸入治疗新生儿持续肺动脉高压（persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn，PPHN）的效果及影响其预后的高危因素。方法:选择2017年1月至2020年1月郑州大学第三附属医院新生儿重症监护室收治的PPHN患儿进行回顾性研究，根据患儿治疗措施分为NO组（机械通气+NO）和对照组（机械通气），比较两组患儿氧合指数（oxygenation index，OI）、动脉血氧分压（partial pressure of oxygen in artery，PaOn 2）/吸入氧浓度（fraction of inspired oxygen，FiOn 2）（PaOn 2/FiOn 2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery，PaCOn 2）的差异；根据治疗效果将NO组患儿分为成功组和失败组，采用单因素和Logistic 回归分析影响其预后的危险因素。n 结果:共纳入98例患儿，NO组46例，对照组52例。治疗前两组OI、PaOn 2/FiOn 2、PaCOn 2比较差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）；治疗24 h、48 h时，NO组OI低于对照组，PaOn 2/FiOn 2高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）。NO治疗成功组31例，失败组15例；单因素分析显示，成功组生后肺表面活性物质（pulmonary surfactant，PS）及高频振荡通气（high-frequency oscillation ventilation，HFOV）使用率高于失败组（n P<0.05），宫内窘迫发生率、肺出血比例、治疗起始OI值、NO吸入时间和机械通气时间低于失败组，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）；Logistic回归分析提示宫内窘迫、治疗起始OI值高、NO吸入时间及机械通气时间长是影响NO组预后的独立危险因素，而HFOV及PS应用是保护性因素。n 结论:NO吸入可改善PPHN患儿的临床症状及氧合情况；宫内窘迫、治疗起始OI值高、NO吸入时间长及机械通气时间长是影响NO吸入患儿预后的独立危险因素；HFOV及PS应用是其保护性因素。“,”Objective:To study the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) and analyze the risk factors for the prognosis.Method:From January 2017 to January 2020, infants with PPHN admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital were enrolled in the retrospective study. They were assigned into the NO group (mechanical ventilation + iNO) and the control group (mechanical ventilation only). The oxygenation index (OI), partial pressure of oxygen in artery (PaOn 2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiOn 2) (PaOn 2/FiOn 2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCOn 2) were compared between the two groups. According to the treatment results, infants in the NO group were further assigned into the successful group and the unsuccessful group. The risk factors of clinical prognosis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.n Result:A total of 98 infants were enrolled, including 46 in the NO group and 52 in the control group. No statistically significant differences existed in OI, PaOn 2/FiOn 2 and PaCOn 2 before treatment. After 24 h and 48 h of treatment , OI was lower and PaOn 2/FiOn 2 was higher in the NO group than the control group(n P0.05). 31 cases were in the successful group and 15 cases in the unsuccessful group. Univariate analysis showed that the incidences of pulmonary surfactant (PS) and high-frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) therapy in the successful group were higher than the unsuccessful group (n P<0.05). The incidences of intrauterine distress, pulmonary hemorrhage, initial OI value before treatment, iNO duration and mechanical ventilation duration in the successful group were significantly lower than the unsuccessful group (n P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that intrauterine distress, initial OI value, iNO duration and mechanical ventilation duration were independent risk factors for the prognosis of NO group, while HFOV and PS therapy were protective factors.n Conclusion:iNO can improve the clinical symptoms and oxygenation of the infants with PPHN. Intrauterine distress, higher initial OI value, longer duration of iNO and mechanical ventilation are independent risk factors for the prognosis of NO group, while HFOV and the application of PS are protective factors.