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中国历史上的避讳,从周秦一直到清末,不但要为历朝数百帝王讳,还得为州郡长官讳,为自己的先辈讳;姓名与帝王尊长相同的要讳,地名、事件犯上的,也得讳。避讳的方法有缺笔、空字、改字等。真可谓洋洋人观,花样百出。这种避讳,给后人读史造成很多误会和增加很大麻烦,甚至闹出了很多使人哭笑不得的“笑话”。 汉唐臣民避帝讳时,通常用同义字代替。例如汉高祖名邦,武帝名彻。光武名秀,唐代宗名世民唐高宗名治,就分别用国代邦、通代彻、茂代秀,系代世,人代民,理代治等。但有的帝王避讳却别出一格。如十六国时的前秦国主苻生,是个独眼龙,因此避讳“不足”、“不具”、“少”“无”、“缺”、“伤”、“残”。“毁”、“偏”、“只”等字眼,手下人无意犯了讳,就要受到剁腿、破肚、拉肋、锯颈等种种酷刑。有
In the history of China, the taboo, from Zhou Qin to the late Qing Dynasty, was not only taboo to the hundreds of kings of the Qing Dynasty, but also taboo for the prefect magistrate and taboo for one’s own ancestors. The taboo, place name and incident committed by the same names and imperial elders , Have taboo. Taboo methods are missing, empty words, change words and so on. Really described as foreigners, tricks. This taboo, history of descendants caused a lot of misunderstanding and increase a lot of trouble, and even make a lot of people laugh and cry “joke.” Han and Tang Dynasty subjects to avoid taboo, usually replaced by synonyms. For example, Han emperor famous state, Wu famous name Toru. Guangwu Mingxiu, Tang Dynasty Zongmingdianzong Gaozong Mingzhi, respectively, with the country on behalf of the state, through the thoroughfare, Mao generation show, the Department of the world, people on behalf of the people, the rule of law and so on. However, some monarchs avoid taboo but do not be the same. For example, when the 16-nation former Qin nationality was born, it was a one-eyed eagle and was therefore shy of “inadequate”, “no”, “less”, “none”, “missing”, “wounded” or “disabled.” “Destroy,” “partial”, “only” and other words, under the guilty of unknowingly guilty of innocent people, we should be subjected to torture such as chopping legs, breaking belly, pulling ribs and sawing necks. Have