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白念珠菌是人体内正常的共生微生物,也是最常见的机会性致病真菌。该菌最重要的生物学特征是其形态的多样性,不同形态细胞之间可频繁地相互转换。这种形态的可塑性与白念珠菌在宿主体内的定植能力、侵染性以及有性生殖等方面均有密切关系,也是该菌对外界环境变化的适应策略。酵母–菌丝相和white-opaque形态转换是白念珠菌中两种典型形态转换系统。宿主相关的环境因子和白念珠菌内源基因共同参与这些形态转换的调控。该文将综述近年来白念珠菌形态转换及其调控机制方面的进展,重点介绍参与菌丝发育和white-opaque形态转换的关键因子和调控通路。
Candida albicans is a normal symbiotic microorganism in the human body and is also the most common opportunistic pathogenic fungus. The most important biological characteristics of the bacteria is the diversity of their morphology, different forms of cells can be frequently converted between each other. The plasticity of this form is closely related to the colonization ability, infectivity and sexual reproduction of Candida albicans in the host, and is also the adaptation strategy of the bacteria to the external environment changes. Yeast-mycelial phase and white-opaque morphogenesis are two typical morphogenic conversion systems in C. albicans. Host-related environmental factors and Candida albicans endogenous genes are involved in the regulation of these morphological changes. This article reviews the recent progress in Candida albicans morphological transformation and its regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the key factors and regulatory pathways involved in mycelial development and white-opaque morphogenesis.