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中国人民银行在人民政府领导下每年发出大批农业贷款,这是对农民,对农业生产很实际的一种帮助。但发放农业贷款能否在扶助生产上发挥其应有的效果,还决定于执行农贷政策是否适当和贷款发放是否及时,是否切合群众需要。过去各地组织发放农贷的工作,是有很大成绩的,并取得了不少经验,但也存在着许多缺点,这主要表现在:长期农业贷款既不可能由预算拨款,而银行所能分配的贷款,又由中央各主管部门分散使用,各按业务系统下达,加之,中央各主管部门及有些地区在发放农贷时,忽视小农经济的现实状况和特点,以致制订推广新式农具、打井及农田水利建设等贷款计划,脱离实际情况,过分强调专款专用和实物贷放;有些地区设备性贷款所占比重过大,一般性贷款比重过小;有些设备性贷款和实物并不适合当地群众的需要,于是有些贷款发放下去,反而形成群众负担,并助长了下级干部的强迫命令作风。农业贷款是为了扶持生产,这一方针本来是对的,但由于有些同志对生产贷款的了解不够全面,或执行得过于机械,因而对贫困农民青黄不接时生
Under the leadership of the People’s Government, the PBC issues a large number of agricultural loans each year, which is a real help to farmers and to agricultural production. However, whether the issuance of agricultural loans can play its due role in helping production will also determine whether the implementation of the agricultural loan policy is appropriate and whether the timely issuance of loans is in line with the needs of the masses. In the past, the work of distributing and lending agricultural loans around the country has achieved great accomplishments and gained a lot of experience. However, there are still many shortcomings. This is mainly manifested in the fact that long-term agricultural loans are neither financed by the budget nor allocated by the banks Of the loans, which are decentralized by various central authorities and distributed according to business systems. In addition, all central authorities and some areas ignore the reality and characteristics of small-scale peasants’ economy when issuing agricultural loans, so as to promote the development of new agricultural tools and wells And farmland irrigation and water conservancy construction projects, and so on, deviating from the actual situation and over-emphasizing earmarked and in-kind loans; in some areas, the proportion of equipment loans is too large and the proportion of general loans is too small; some equipment loans and in-kind loans are not suitable for local people However, some loans have been issued and the masses have been burdened with it, which has encouraged the orderly coercion of lower cadres. Agricultural loans are meant to support production. This principle was originally correct. However, since some comrades did not have a comprehensive understanding of the production loans or implemented too mechanically, they were unable to give birth to poor peasants