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破产案件一般通过债务人或债权人向法院提出破产申请而开始。债务人或债权人为使破产申请得到法院的受理,必须遵守破产法对破产申请所规定的形式要件和实质要件。所谓破产申请的实质要件,是指债务人或债权人有权提出破产申请的条件。由于破产法对债务人自愿提出的破产申请通常不作实质性限制,因此,研究破产申请的实质
Bankruptcy cases usually start with the debtor or creditor filing a bankruptcy petition to the court. In order for the debtor or creditor to receive the bankruptcy application by the court, the formal requirements and substantive requirements of the bankruptcy law on the bankruptcy application must be observed. The so-called essential elements of a bankruptcy application mean that the debtor or creditor has the right to file a bankruptcy application. As the insolvency law generally lacks substantive restrictions on the debtor’s voluntary application for bankruptcy, the nature of the bankruptcy petition is examined