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Through pot experiment,effects ofphytoremediation on microbial communities in soils at different nickel treatment levels were studied.Two Ni hyperaccumulating and one Ni tolerant species were planted in paddy soils different in Ni concentration,ranging from 100 to 1 600 mg/kg.After 110 days of incubation,soil microbial activities were analyzed.Results showed that populations of bacteria,fungus,and actinomycetes and biomass of the microorganisms were stimulated when nickel was added at a rate of 100 mg/kg in non-rhizospheric soil.When the rate was over 100 mg/kg in the soil,adverse effects on the soil microbial communities were observed.The plantation of Ni hyperaccumulating species could increase both the population and biomass of soil microorganisms,because,by absorbing nickel from the soil and excreting root exudates,the plants reduced nickel toxicity and improved the living environment of the microbes.However,different plant species had different effects on microorganisms in soil.Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with five primers was used in this study in 25 soil samples of four types of soils.A total of 947 amplified bands were obtained,including 888 polymorphic bands and 59 non-polymorphic bands.The results indicated that the composition of microbial DNA sequences had changed because of the addition of nickel to the treated soils.Shannon-Weaver index of soil microbial DNA sequences reduced in the nickel contaminated soils with increasing nickel concentration.The changes in ShannonWeaver index in the four types of soils ranged from 1.65 to 2.32 for Alyssum corsicum,1.37 to 2.27 for Alyssum murale,1.37 to 1.96 for Brassicajuncea,and 1.19 to 1.85 for nonrhizospheric soil.With the same amount of nickel added to soils,the Shannon-Weaver index in rhizospheric soil with plants was higher than that in non-rhizospheric soil.