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目的分析小儿气管、支气管异物的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2879例小儿气管、支气管异物的发生年龄分布、性别构成比、地域分布、就诊情况、气管异物常见种类和异物所在部位。结果 1-3岁组气管、支气管异物发病率明显高于其他年龄组(P<0.01)。来源于乡村的患者2305例,城市574例,城/乡比例为1∶4.02。2352例(81.69%)有明确异物吸入史。有89.37%的儿童气管、支气管异物在1个月内确诊。异物的种类繁杂,嵌顿位置以右侧一级支气管最为多见(41.44%)。所有气管、支气管异物均在全麻下行支气管镜检术取出。结论城乡经济发展不平衡、小儿监护不到位是儿童气管异物发病率城乡差别的主要原因。健康教育是预防小儿气管、支气管异物的有力措施和关键。
Objective To analyze the clinical features of pediatric trachea and bronchial foreign body. Methods A retrospective analysis of 2879 cases of pediatric tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies occurred age distribution, sex ratio, geographical distribution, treatment, common types of foreign body and the location of foreign body. Results The incidence of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in 1-3 years old group was significantly higher than that in other age groups (P <0.01). 2305 cases of patients from rural areas, 574 cases of urban, city / township ratio of 1: 4.02.2352 cases (81.69%) have a clear history of foreign body aspiration. There are 89.37% of children with tracheal and bronchial foreign body diagnosed within 1 month. There are many kinds of foreign bodies, the most common one is the right bronchus (41.44%). All tracheoes and bronchial foreign bodies were removed under bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Conclusion The unbalanced economic development between urban and rural areas and inadequate monitoring of children are the main reasons for the difference between urban and rural children in the incidence of tracheal foreign bodies. Health education is a powerful measure to prevent pediatric trachea and bronchial foreign body and the key.