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中枢兴奋药是指能提高中枢神经系统功能的药物。其作用与药物的剂量和病人的中枢神经机能状态有关。临床上常用的是对呼吸中枢有较高选择作用的药物,称之为中枢性呼吸兴奋药,常用于中枢性呼吸衰竭病人,作为救治的综合措施之一。其主要适应证是:慢性阻塞性肺部疾病所引起的缺氧、血中二氧化碳过度积蓄所导致的呼吸中枢抑制和神志不清(肺性脑病)以及其它原因所致的中枢性呼吸衰竭。但本类药物的治疗安全范围较小,疗效也有限,应用不当时随着剂量的增加,其副作用也增加,而用量过大时可引起不同类型的惊厥,其严重者可转化为中枢衰竭状态。处于这种状态则不能再被中枢兴奋药所兴奋,进而危及病人生命。临床上应用本类药物时应注意如下几
Central stimulant refers to drugs that enhance the function of the central nervous system. Its role and drug dose and the patient’s central nervous system status. Commonly used in clinical is the respiratory center has a higher choice of drugs, known as central respiratory stimulant, commonly used in patients with central respiratory failure, as a comprehensive treatment of one of the measures. The main indications are: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by hypoxia, excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood caused by respiratory depression and depression (pulmonary encephalopathy) and other causes of central respiratory failure. However, the safe treatment of this class of drugs smaller, curative effect is also limited, with the improper use of dose increases, the side effects also increased, and excessive dosage can cause different types of convulsions, severe cases can be converted to the central state of failure . In this state can no longer be excited by the central stimulant drugs, thus endangering the patient’s life. The clinical application of these drugs should pay attention to the following few