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由于近年来结核耐药菌株的产生及扩散,儿童结核病感染率有所回升。结核病是一种慢性呼吸道传染病,主要通过带有结核菌的痰液传染。细菌通过病人咳嗽、打喷嚏及高声谈笑时所喷散到空气中的飞沫传播。小儿结核病中最常见的是原发型肺结核,大部分是结核菌初次侵入人体后引起的肺部感染。轻症患儿往往无症状表现,能自愈,常在X线检查时才被发现。病情稍重者,出现长期不规则低热、咳嗽、消瘦、盗汗等结核中毒症状,易被误诊为感冒。重症者发病急,可突发高热,持续2～3周,伴咳嗽及其他结核中毒症状。孩子对结核菌比较敏感,患病早期会出现皮肤结节性红斑、疱疹性结膜炎等,严重者还会有心包积液。结核菌侵犯淋巴系统可引起淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大等。肺门或支气管交叉处淋巴结肿大会出现哮喘、百日咳样咳嗽等。
Due to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis in recent years, the prevalence of tuberculosis in children has rebounded. Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory disease that is transmitted mainly through sputum with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacteria spread through droplets of air sprayed into the air when the patient coughs, sneezes, and laughs loudly. Pediatric tuberculosis is the most common primary pulmonary tuberculosis, most of them are caused by the first intrusion of TB infection in the lungs. Slight children are often asymptomatic performance, self-healing, often only found when X-ray examination. Serious illness, there is irregular long-term fever, cough, weight loss, night sweats and other symptoms of tuberculosis, easily misdiagnosed as a cold. Severe onset of acute, sudden high fever, sustained 2 to 3 weeks, with cough and other symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning. My child is more sensitive to tuberculosis, early skin lesions will appear erythema nodosum, herpetic conjunctivitis, severe cases, there will be pericardial effusion. Mycobacterium tuberculosis invasion of the lymphatic system can cause swollen lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly and so on. Hilar or bronchial lymph nodes will appear swollen, pertussis-like cough and so on.