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光子和电子的相互作用是光子学的重要研究领域之一。光子与物质的相互作用有三种主要形式,即光电效应,康普顿效应和电子对效应。能量较低的γ射线,在物质中主要产生光电效应;中等能量时,主要产生康普顿效应;而能量较高时,主要是电子对效应.。三种效应都会产生能使物质的原子电离或激发的次级电子。理论和实践都证明,光电效应正比于吸收物质的原子序数Z的4次方,康普顿效应正比于Z/A,而电子对效应正比于Z的平方。
Photon and electron interaction is one of the important fields of photonics. There are three main forms of photon-matter interaction: the photoelectric effect, the Compton effect and the electron-pair effect. Lower energy gamma rays, the main photoelectric effect in the material; medium energy, the main Compton effect; the higher energy, the main effect of the electron. All three effects produce secondary electrons that ionize or excite the material’s atoms. Both theory and practice prove that the photoelectric effect is proportional to the fourth power of the atomic number Z of the absorbing substance, the Compton effect is proportional to Z / A, and the electron pair effect is proportional to the square of Z.