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省略,是古今汉语都有的现象,而且省略的方式也大体相同。合理的省略,能使语言表达更加精炼集中,是重要的修辞手段之一。古今汉语相比,古汉语的省略更加普遍、复杂,有的还很不容易看出。所以掌握一些这方面的知识,对准确理解文意,提高古文阅读水平是非常必要的。如《史记·孝景本纪》“令内史郡不得食马粟”句,若从字面上看,很容易理解为:(汉景帝)命令内史郡不能吃马的饲料。这不仅文理不通,而且成了笑话。实际上,这句话在“粟”字前省略了介词“以”,介词词组“以粟”作使动词“食”的补语,即“令内史郡不得食马〔以〕粟”。那么,哪些算是省略,哪些又不算省略呢?
Ellipsis, ancient and modern Chinese are all phenomena, and omitted the same way. Reasonable omission, can make language more refined and concentrated, is one of the important rhetorical devices. Compared with ancient and modern Chinese, the omission of ancient Chinese is more common and complicated, and some are still not easily seen. Therefore, it is very necessary to master some knowledge in this field, understand the text meaning accurately and improve the reading ability of ancient Chinese. Such as “Historical Records filial piety King” “Order history of the county can not eat millet” sentence, if literally, it is easy to understand as: (Han Jingdi) ordered Neishi County can not eat horse feed. This is not only illogical, but also a joke. In fact, this sentence omits the preposition “以” in front of “Su” and the preposition phrase “Su” as the complement to the verb “食”, ie “Neither Inner Mongolia nor the Inner Mongolia should be eaten.” So, what should be omitted, which are not omitted?