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直到19世纪初,在近500年的发展史中,枪械除了“发火方式”外,其他方面的本质性进展都不大。然而,一进入19世纪,由于“击发点火”的发明,很快便带动了枪械在诸多方面的变革——前装滑膛枪普遍地被后装线膛枪所代替;分装弹药发展成定装弹;枪的射击方式也从一次装一发子弹打一枪改进到一次装多发弹一枪一枪地打,更进而发明出了半自动和全自动射击的准现代步枪。最初的“击发枪”及其前的大部分枪都是前装滑膛的,并且弹药都是分装的,装填很费事(见图①)。
Until the early 19th century, in the history of the nearly 500 years of development, there were not any substantive advances in any other aspects of firearms except for the “fire method”. However, as soon as the 19th century was brought to light, the invention of “firing fire” soon led to changes in firearms in many aspects: the former musket was generally replaced by the post-mounted rifle; the sub-ammunition developed into a fixed The method of firing the guns also improved from one shot of a bullet to one shot of a multi-shot bullet, thereby creating a quasi-modern rifle that was semi-automatic and fully automatic. Most of the original “firing guns” and most of the guns in front of them were smokers, and the ammunition was subpacked and loading was cumbersome (see Figure 1).