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为了研究地裂缝空间展布特征和发育规律,在晋中盆地地表有地裂缝出露的区域开展三维地震勘探。地震数据采集采用端点激发束状观测系统进行,数据处理通过叠前时间偏移来提高地裂缝空间归位精度和成像效果,基于地震多属性分析特别是蚂蚁体追踪技术对地裂缝进行解释。研究区勘探面积4 km~2,共解释出地裂缝20条,其中主地裂缝11条,次级地裂缝9条。地裂缝在平面上呈线条状,走向以NEE向为主,总体与晋中盆地主干断裂走向一致,构造方向性非常明显,所解释的地裂缝有的裸露于地表,有的延伸到基岩面;在剖面上地裂缝两侧地层上下错移,落差为0~40 m;在空间上主要表现为地垒构造和地堑构造两种形式。研究区地表出露的5条地裂缝,有4条在本次勘探中被验证,这表明三维地震勘探在探测地裂缝地质灾害方面是一种有效的方法。
In order to study the spatial distribution and development of ground fissures, 3D seismic exploration is carried out in the area where ground fissures are exposed in the Jinzhong Basin. The seismic data acquisition is carried out by the end-point excitation beam-like observation system. The data processing improves the fission space homing precision and imaging effect by prestack time migration, and interprets the ground fissure based on the multi-attribute analysis of the earthquake, especially the ant body tracking technology. The exploration area of the study area is 4km ~ 2, totally 20 ground fissures are explained, among which there are 11 primary fissures and 9 secondary fissures. The ground fissures are line-shaped in the plane and go mainly in the NEE direction. The whole is consistent with the main faults in the Jinzhong Basin. The tectonic orientation is very obvious. Some of the ground fissures interpreted are exposed to the earth’s surface and some extend to the bedrock surface In the section, the strata on both sides of the ground fissure are offset up and down with a drop of 0-40 m. The main features in the space are the basement structure and the graben structure. Four of the five ground fissures revealed on the surface of the study area have been verified in this survey, which shows that 3D seismic exploration is an effective method in detecting geo-hazards of ground fissures.