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本文运用虚功原理分析了地下洞室开挖施工前后地层应力状态的变化,探讨了地下洞室开挖效应的有限元分析中关于荷载计算的方法。文中先推导了同时考虑初始地应力和地层自重作用的荷载计算公式,指出了当前国内外广为使用的、单纯由初始地应力计算节点力释放荷载方法的问题所在。通过理论阐述与工程实例计算的比较分析,从理论和应用两方面说明了笔者所提出的确定开挖荷载方法的合理性。
In this paper, the change of stress state before and after the excavation of underground caverns is analyzed using the principle of virtual work, and the method of load calculation in the finite element analysis of the excavation effect of underground caverns is discussed. In this paper, the load calculation formulas that consider both the initial stress and the self-weight of the formation are deduced first, and the problems that are widely used at home and abroad and that are simply the method of calculating the nodal forces to release the load from the initial in-situ stress are pointed out. Through theoretical analysis and comparison of engineering examples, the rationality of the method proposed by the author to determine the excavation load is explained in terms of theory and application.