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话头与重点说话或者写文章是为了传递信息。一个句子中有新的信息(New Information),也可能有说话人(作者)认为对方已知的信息(Given Information)。在正常情况下,句子中信息的顺序是已知的在前,新的在后。句子的开头叫话头(Theme或Topic),是谈话的出发点,通常表达的是已知信息,而新的信息在后,句子的信息重点(Focus)一般也在后。例如:(1)Grinding of alloys can produce a wide variety of surface alterations. They include mi-crohardness changes... and residual stresses.
Talking and focusing on words or writing is to convey information. There is a new information in a sentence, and there may be a given information that the speaker considers the other person knows. Under normal circumstances, the order of the information in the sentence is known before and after the new one. The beginning of a sentence is called Theme or Topic. It is the starting point of the conversation. Usually, the known information is expressed. After the new information is added, the focus of the sentence is generally followed. For example: (1) Grinding of alloys can produce a wide variety of surface alterations. They include mi-crohardness changes ... and residual stresses.