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目的:为带血管蒂面颊部皮瓣修复鼻尖部缺损提供解剖学基础。方法:15例动脉内注红色乳胶的头颈部标本,解剖双侧面动脉发出至口角外上方、颧弓下方颊区内的直接皮支,测量皮支的外径、长度。将两侧口角连线的延长线定义为横线,眶上孔和颏孔中点连线定义为垂线,分别测量皮支起点与两者间的距离,以此定位皮支起点的体表投影。1例铸型标本以观察面动脉直接皮支的起点和与其他动脉的吻合情况。结果:面动脉发出上唇动脉后,由其后壁向上发出1支至颊部的皮动脉,出现率86.7%。皮支起始处外径为(0.98±0.20)mm,长度为(1.40±0.54)cm。皮支起点的投影位于横线上方者占76%,与横线的垂直距离为(0.65±0.22)cm;皮支起点的投影均位于垂线外侧,与垂线的水平距离为(2.64±0.82)cm。结论:带血管蒂面颊部皮瓣转移经临床证实是修复或再造鼻尖部缺损的良好供区。
OBJECTIVE: To provide an anatomical basis for repair of nasal tip defects with vascularized cheek flap. Methods: Head and neck specimens of red latex in 15 arteries were dissected. Anatomical bilateral arteries were dissected to the outside of the mouth, the direct skin branches in the buccal area below the zygomatic arch, and the diameter and length of the skin branches were measured. The extension of the line connecting the mouth on both sides of the line is defined as horizontal line, supraorbital and mental foramen midpoint connection is defined as a vertical line, respectively, measuring the starting point of the skin branch and the distance between the two, projection. One case of cast specimens was used to observe the origin of direct dermoid artery and the anastomosis with other arteries. Results: After the facial artery was given the upper lip artery, 1 branch from the posterior wall was sent upward to the buccal artery, with a rate of 86.7%. The diameter of the skin branch at the beginning was (0.98 ± 0.20) mm and the length was (1.40 ± 0.54) cm. The projection of the start of the dermatome is 76% above the horizontal line and the vertical distance to the horizontal line is (0.65 ± 0.22) cm. The projection of the start of the dermal branch is outside the vertical line and the horizontal distance from the vertical line is (2.64 ± 0.82) ) cm. CONCLUSIONS: Vascularized cheek flap metastasis is clinically proven as a good donor area for repair or reconstruction of nasal tip defects.