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为了适当地设计集成电路,今天,电路工程师不仅要掌握半导体元件理论和设计原理,而且还必须对生产集成电路所遇到的工艺上的局限性了如指掌。到目前为止,还没有一套能满足各种所需要的电路的设计规则。例如,从技术和经济考虑的观点出发,数字电路的设计方法与线性电路的设计方法完全不同。但是,根据将典型的数字电路设计转化为单块器件的理论和设计过程,就能够非常透彻地了解集成电路的设计。 在下文讨论中,将提出集成电路理论的诸要点,设计关系、过程以及参数,对于目前数字计算机中应用的大部分单块电路都适用。为了达到此目的,可采用正在由其托洛拉公司成批生产的高速DTL“或非”门(图1)达到。
In order to properly design integrated circuits, circuit engineers today must not only master the theory and design principles of semiconductor components, but also have a good grasp of the process limitations encountered in the production of integrated circuits. So far, there is no set of design rules that can satisfy the various circuits required. For example, from the technical and economic considerations point of view, the design of digital circuits and linear circuit design method is completely different. However, based on the theory and design process of converting a typical digital circuit design into a monolithic device, the design of the integrated circuit can be thoroughly understood. In the discussion that follows, various elements of integrated circuit theory, design relationships, processes, and parameters will be presented that are applicable to most monolithic circuits currently used in digital computers. This can be achieved by using high-speed DTL “NOR” gates (Figure 1), which are being mass produced by their company.