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家长和老师为了使孩子的活动更为持续和有效,常常采取鼓励、赞许、奖励等外部强化的方法。外部强化是一种重要的激励方法,它对于调动孩子活动的积极性,促进孩子克服困难,完成活动任务有着十分重要的意义。但是,在实际生活中,孩子们不停地从事各种活动,家长和老师不可能对孩子的每一项活动都去鼓励、赞许和奖励。事实上,孩子的绝大多数活动是在没有即时的外部强化的条件下进行的。由于幼儿已经具有了一定的表现能力和自我反应能力,所以,他们不必要处处依赖于外部强化来支持自己的行为。有许多活动,孩子是完全可以在自我强化的控制之下,进行行为的自我调节,将活动持续到底的。
In order to make children’s activities more sustainable and effective, parents and teachers often resort to external reinforcement methods such as encouragement, approval and reward. External reinforcement is an important incentive method, which is very important for mobilizing the enthusiasm of children’s activities and promoting their children to overcome difficulties and fulfill their tasks. However, in real life, children are constantly engaged in various activities. Parents and teachers can not encourage, praise and reward every activity of their children. In fact, the vast majority of children’s activities are carried out without immediate external reinforcement. Because young children already have a certain ability to express and self-reaction, so they do not need to rely on external reinforcement everywhere to support their behavior. There are many activities, children are fully self-reinforcing control, conduct self-regulation of behavior, the activities continued in the end.