【摘 要】
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Dear Editor,rnThe genetic mechanism of large-scale interspecies traits,including evolutionary novelties and the characteristics of high taxa,is a central issue in evolutionary biology.At present,genome-wide association studies(GWAS)are known as one of the
【机 构】
：
Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sc
论文部分内容阅读
Dear Editor,rnThe genetic mechanism of large-scale interspecies traits,including evolutionary novelties and the characteristics of high taxa,is a central issue in evolutionary biology.At present,genome-wide association studies(GWAS)are known as one of the most powerful and affordable tools for understanding the association between heritable variations and phenotypic changes in populations of single species.Therefore,it would be interesting to determine whether GWAS can be applied to study large-scale interspecies traits.The major issue with this approach would be finding a sui-table genetic marker that can represent the combined effects of different types and different scales of structural variation in the whole genome to allow comparisons between species.With such a marker,the genome data can be bridged by the statistical method to the heritable traits for GWAS.In fact,k-mer frequencies have been used for years in alignment-free(AF)sequence comparison analysis,quantifying the global features of genomes in genome comparison.Additionally,it has also been used as a marker in GWAS on traits within species(Voichek et al.,2020).Therefore,in this study,we extended k-mer-based GWAS to examine large-scale inter-species traits by focusing on changes in the number of chromosomes in mammals and headgear in ruminants.Fur-thermore,given that k-mer copies can be found in multiple proteins,we have proposed a hypothesis to explain how k-mers can affect the function of the protein where they are located by changing their copies in the whole proteome and thus contribute to trait determination.With enough available genome data,we believe such an approach can be widely used for studying a large amount of characteristics of interest in macro evolution.
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