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集体主义既是个体行为的道德原则,也是集体行动的道德原则。但作为集体行动原则的集体主义却一直未得到理论上的重视,这是导致集体主义在道德实践上被质疑的重要原因之一,人们因此怀疑集体主义与分配正义、人的权利和程序正义的价值追求相背离,从而质疑集体主义作为社会道德规范体系基本原则的合法性。尽管学者们在理论上做了很大努力,为集体主义的合法性辩护,但由于意识形态上的强势大于逻辑上的力量,这种辩护并不成功。在我们看来,事实上,无论是质疑者还是辩护者,其实都并不成功,缺陷在于他们都忽略了集体主义的一个重要维度,即集体主义是集体行动的原则。倘若我们有了对这一维度的深入理解和把握,集体主义与分配正义、人的权利和程序正义的内在一致性就会显露出来,质疑者就会失去靶子,而辩护者将重获力量。
Collectivism is not only the moral principle of individual behavior but also the moral principle of collective action. However, the collectivism as the principle of collective action has not received theoretical attention all the time. This is one of the important reasons that led to the question of collectivism in moral practice. People therefore suspect that collectivism and justice, human rights and procedural justice Contrary to the pursuit of value, so as to question the legitimacy of collectivism as the basic principle of social morality system. Although scholars have made great efforts in theory to justify the legitimacy of collectivism, the defense has not been successful because of its superior ideological strength over its logical power. In our view, in fact, neither the skeptics nor the defenders are in fact unsuccessful. The disadvantage is that they all overlook an important dimension of collectivism, that is, collectivism is the principle of collective action. If we have an in-depth understanding of and grasp of this dimension, the internal unity of collectivism and distributive justice, human rights and procedural justice is revealed, the skeptics lose their target and the defenders regain their power.