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德育教育,是对学生发展方向起指导作用的综合教育工作,贯穿于学校教育工作全过程,渗透到学生日常生活方方面面。国家先后发布了《小学德育纲要(1993)》、《小学生日常行为规范(修订版2004)》、《小学生守则(2015)》等一系列纲要制度,对小学生德育教育的目标、标准、实施途径进行指导。但在实践过程中,尤其是在刚刚入学的小学低年级的德育实践中,往往会遇到许多特殊的困难。比如低年级学生人数较多,教师精力有限;低年级学生家长对孩子的知识教育抱有很高的期望,容易忽视家庭中的德育教育,很难与学校的德育教育呼应并贯穿学生整体的学习过程;低年级学生刚刚步入学校,部分学生尚未养成良好的生活作息习惯;低年级学生的认知和行为习惯的养成尚处于发展阶段,通过传统的规范指导等理性的教育方式效果不显著等等。本文将以《小学德育纲要(1993)》中提出的德育目标为准,浅析以目标为导向的小学低年级德育教育路径。
Moral education is a comprehensive education that plays a guiding role in the direction of student development. It permeates the whole process of school education and permeates every aspect of daily life of students. The country has released a series of outline systems such as Outline of Moral Education in Primary Schools (1993), Code of Practice for Primary School Students (Revised Edition 2004) and Code of School Children (2015), and carried out the goals, standards and implementation channels for primary school students’ moral education guide. However, in the process of practice, especially in the moral education of the lower grades of primary school, there are often many special difficulties encountered. For example, there are many students in lower grades with limited teachers’ energy. Pupils in lower grades have high expectations for their children’s knowledge and education. They are prone to neglect moral education in their families and find it hard to echo and follow the overall moral education of students Process; low grade students just entered the school, some students have not yet developed a good habit of life and rest; low grade students cognitive and behavioral habits is still in the development stage, through the traditional norms of guidance and other rational education effect is not Significant and so on. This article will be based on the goal of moral education proposed in “Outline of Moral Education in Primary School” (1993), and analyzes the goal-oriented path of moral education in lower grades of primary school.