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目的 研究人体胚胎时期小脑中突触体素及ＮＯＳ阳性细胞的组织学变化。方法 用免疫组织化学、组织化学技术，对４ ～９ 个月胎儿小脑皮质突触体素和ＮＯＳ阳性细胞进行了观察。结果 突触体素在小脑不同层中的分布各不相同，外颗粒层４ ～９ 个月均无阳性颗粒出现。４ 个月时除外颗粒层各层免疫反应颗粒均很少，５ 个月时中间层的染色较各层深，６ 个月时分子层的颗粒沿Ｂｅｒｇｍａｎｎ 纤维方向分布，７ 个月时分子层染色颗粒呈明显的网状分布，中间层、内颗粒层染色颗粒更密集，较６ 个月时染色深；８ 个月时蒲肯野细胞的轮廓明显可辨，阳性颗粒勾勒出蒲肯野细胞主树突轮廓。４～６ 个月胎儿小脑皮质中均未见ＮＯＳ阳性细胞，但可见染色的血管网；７ ～８个月小脑皮质中可见密集的ＮＯＳ阳性细胞分布，但染色很浅，细胞界限不清。结论 突触体素的数量可以反映出突触发育的程度，在小脑中突触体素的数量随神经细胞的发育成熟而增多，并且在８ ～９ 个月间分子层中增多最明显
Objective To study the histopathological changes of synaptophysin and NOS positive cells in the cerebellum of human embryos. Methods The synaptophysin and NOS positive cells in the cerebellar cortex of 4-9 months were observed by immunohistochemistry and histochemical techniques. Results The distribution of synaptophysin in different layers of cerebellum varied from 4 to 9 months. At 4 months, the immunoreactive particles in all layers of the granule layer were very few. At 5 months, the stratum intermedium was stained darker than the layers. At 6 months, the molecular layers were distributed along the Bergmann fiber direction. At 7 months, The particles showed obvious reticular distribution, the middle layer, the inner particle layer more dense staining particles, compared with 6 months darker stains; Purkinje cells clearly outline at 8 months, the positive particles outline Purkinje cell host Dendrite outline. NOS positive cells were found in fetal cerebellar cortex from 4 to 6 months, but stained vascular network was visible. In 7-8 months, dense distribution of NOS positive cells was observed in the cerebellar cortex, but the staining was very shallow and the cell boundaries were unclear. Conclusions The number of synaptophysin can reflect the extent of synapse development. The number of synaptophysin in the cerebellum increases with the maturation of nerve cells, and it increases most obviously in the molecular layer from 8 to 9 months