微RNA的特征概述及其研究进展

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微RNA( miRNA)是一类在转录后水平通过对靶信使RNA降解或抑制翻译过程起负性调节作用的内源性单链小分子RNA。迄今,上万种miRNA已经得到成功鉴定。 miRNA广泛存在于生物体内,其序列高度保守,在生物体的多种生理和病理过程中发挥着重要的调控作用,具有十分重要的研究价值和非常广阔的应用前景。该文就miRNA的命名规则、形成过程、生物学特征、主要功能、研究策略及应用予以综述。
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