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利用陕西省1961—2005年各气象站旬气象资料、33个农气旬报站土壤相对湿度及2001年6月13日NO-AA-16极轨气象卫星资料,分析了降水距平百分率、Z指数、Palmer干旱指数、土壤相对湿度对干旱的发生、发展、变化的敏感性,描述干旱发生的范围、程度的差异,并将反映出的旱情与同时段用遥感监测得到的旱情进行比较。结果表明:降水距平百分率、Z指数对旱情的变化具有很高的敏感性,各干旱指标都能反应出区域内干旱的发生,但各指标反映出的干旱程度和范围不同;与同时段遥感监测得到的旱情相比,遥感监测的旱情更加细致,并与地表状况有关。干旱是一个累积过程,同时与影响对象有密切关系,使用干旱指标分析旱情时需要根据受旱对象选用不同的干旱指标,综合考虑前期的水分状况与旱情发生、发展有关的因素。
Based on the meteorological data of each weather station from 1961 to 2005 in Shaanxi Province, the relative humidity of soil in the ten farming stations and the data of NO-AA-16 polar orbit weather satellite on June 13, 2001, the percentage of precipitation anomaly, Z Index, Palmer drought index, sensitivity of soil relative humidity to occurrence, development and change of drought, describe the range and extent of drought occurrence, and compare the drought situation reflected with that of remote sensing monitoring during the same period. The results showed that: the percentages of precipitation anomaly and Z-index were highly sensitive to the change of drought conditions, and all the drought indexes could reflect the occurrence of drought in the area, but the extent and range of drought reflected by each index were different; Compared with the monitored drought, the remote sensing monitoring of the drought is more detailed and related to the surface conditions. Drought is a cumulative process and closely related to the affected objects. When using drought indicators to analyze the drought, different drought indexes should be selected according to the drought-affected objects. Considering the water conditions in the previous period in combination with the occurrence and development of the drought,