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本文主旨在于讨论马克思的社会变革理论中技术和科学的地位与作用。文中强调了技术与经济间的相互作用和反馈关系,同时驳斥了将马克思当作技术决定论者的粗浅观点。马克思把技术看做人类和外部物质世界之间的媒介。通过对科学与技术的区分,指出机器生产的出现和科学在生产中的运用对于资本主义生产方式的重大意义。马克思还分析了资本品部门的特殊作用和资本主义趋向大规模生产的必然性,以及在资本主义条件下技术创新的各种形式。
The purpose of this article is to discuss the status and role of technology and science in Marx’s theory of social change. The paper emphasizes the interaction and feedback relationship between technology and economy, and refutes the crude point of view that Marx should be regarded as a technical determinist. Marx regards technology as the medium between human beings and the external material world. Through the distinction between science and technology, it points out the great significance of the emergence of machine production and the application of science in production to the capitalist mode of production. Marx also analyzed the special role of the capital goods sector and the inevitability of capitalism toward mass production, as well as various forms of technological innovation under capitalism.