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目的研究小剂量辣椒素(Cap)在不同时期对大鼠内脏机械及化学刺激敏感性的影响。方法SD大鼠160只,随机分为对照组(普通饲料)和观察组(Cap 1 mg·kg-1·d-1),每组80只,再各随机均分为5组,雌雄各半,分别在干预1 d、3 d、1周、2周和4周后,采用直肠气囊扩张法观察大鼠内脏机械刺激敏感性,腹腔注射新斯的明法观察内脏化学刺激敏感性,采用免疫组化法检测胃、十二指肠黏膜辣椒素受体(TRPV1)的表达情况。结果在机械刺激敏感性实验中,与对照组相比较,喂食Cap 1周,观察组大鼠气囊扩张体积显著减少(P=0.002),且雌性较雄性更敏感(P=0.001);喂食Cap 4周,观察组大鼠气囊扩张体积显著增加(P=0.007)。在化学刺激敏感性实验中,与对照组相比较,喂食Cap 1周,观察组大鼠腹痛相关行为的持续时间显著延长(P=0.001);而喂食Cap 4周,观察组大鼠腹痛相关行为的开始时间显著延长(P=0.02);其余各组之间差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。观察组在给予Cap 1 d、3 d、1周后胃黏膜TRPV1的表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05),给予Cap 1 d、3 d后十二指肠黏膜TRPV1表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05),随后观察组和对照组TRPV1的表达均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论连续摄入小剂量Cap 1周后,大鼠对内脏机械及化学刺激的敏感性显著增加,2周后恢复正常,4周后显著降低,其中雌性对内脏机械刺激较雄性更为敏感。小剂量Cap可以调节胃、十二指肠组织TRPV1的表达。
Objective To study the effects of capsaicin (Cap) on the sensitivity of visceral mechanical and chemical stimuli to rats at different periods. Methods 160 SD rats were randomly divided into control group (normal feed) and observation group (Cap 1 mg · kg-1 · d-1), 80 rats in each group. Each group was randomly divided into 5 groups, male and female , Respectively. The sensitivities of visceral mechanical stimulation in rats were observed by rectal balloon dilatation and the sensitivity of visceral chemical stimulation was observed by intraperitoneal injection of neostigmine at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intervention respectively. Histochemistry was used to detect the expression of capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) in the stomach and duodenum. Results Compared with the control group, in the mechanical stimulation sensitivity test, the balloon dilatation volume of the observation group was significantly decreased (P = 0.002) and the female was more sensitive than the male (P = 0.001) Week, the observation group rats balloon dilatation volume was significantly increased (P = 0.007). In the chemical stimulation sensitivity test, compared with the control group, the duration of abdominal pain-related behavior in the observation group was significantly prolonged (P = 0.001), and the abdominal pain-related behavior was observed in the rats in the control group for 4 weeks (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the other groups (P> 0.05). The expression of TRPV1 in gastric mucosa of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group on the 1st, 3rd, and 1th week of Cap administration (P <0.05). On the 1st day after the Cap administration, the expression of TRPV1 in duodenal mucosa was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of TRPV1 between the observation group and the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusions After 1 week continuous administration of Cap at low dose, the sensitivity of rats to visceral mechanical and chemical stimulation increased significantly, returned to normal after 2 weeks, and decreased significantly after 4 weeks. The female had more visceral mechanical stimulation than male. Small doses of Cap can regulate the expression of TRPV1 in the stomach and duodenum.