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对大多数发展中国家而言,人口在不同区域、产业之间的流动既是经济发展的必然要求,也是国民经济现代化程度的一个重要标志。我国作为世界上人口最多的国家,80％的人口在农村生活和就业,不仅严重制约了农业和农村经济的迅速发展,而且越来越成为国民经济迅速增长的主要瓶颈。因此,充分认识到我国人口流动问题的重要性,并在对我国人口流动的状况进行深入分析的基础上确立符合我国国情的人口流动战略,将具有十分重要的现实意义。 一、人口流动的形式与途径 在发展中国家,二元经济是落后的国民经济的一大基本特征,随着工业化进程的不断加速,以及农业科技进步所带来的农业生产效 率的迅速提高,一方面农业中出现 了大量剩余劳动力;另一方面,城 市以及农村非农产业对劳动力呈 现出越来越多的需求。与此同时, 经济的发展又提高了国内市场一 体化程度,使得劳动力在不同产 业、个同区域间的流动与配置成为 可能和趋势。因此,人口流动的形 式与途径基本上可以归纳以下几 个方面:
For most developing countries, the flow of population among different regions and industries is not only an inevitable requirement for economic development, but also an important symbol of the degree of modernization of the national economy. As the most populous country in the world, 80% of our population living and working in rural areas not only seriously restrict the rapid development of agriculture and rural economy, but also become the main bottleneck of the rapid economic growth of our country. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to fully recognize the importance of the issue of population mobility in our country and to establish a population mobility strategy that is in keeping with China’s national conditions based on an in-depth analysis of the status of China’s population flow. I. Forms and Ways of Population Migration In developing countries, the dual economy is one of the basic characteristics of the backward national economy. With the acceleration of the industrialization process and the rapid increase of agricultural production efficiency brought about by the progress of agricultural science and technology, On the one hand, there has been a large surplus of labor in agriculture; on the other hand, urban and rural non-agricultural industries have shown an increasing demand for labor force. At the same time, the economic development has also increased the degree of integration in the domestic market, making it possible and trend for the labor force to move and allocate resources across industries and regions. Therefore, the form and approach of population mobility basically can be summarized as follows: