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目的分析青海省2013年疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集2013年AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法对相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果青海省2013年报告AEFI病例149例,报告发生率为0.57/100万剂次。149例病例中,男女性别比为1.37∶1,≤1岁组儿童占33.56%。病例主要集中在10月,这与开展的麻疹风疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫活动有关。发生AEFI前3位的疫苗是百白破联合疫苗、麻疹风疹联合疫苗和流脑A群疫苗。接种第1~2剂次发生的占69.80%,接种≤1 d发生的占75.84%。AEFI诊断分类中一般反应占96.64%,异常反应占2.68%,偶合症占0.67%。临床损害以发热、红肿、硬结为主。98.66%的病例治愈或好转,仅2.68%的病例住院。结论青海省AEFI监测的完整性和敏感性比2010年有所提高,但仍需提高监测质量。AEFI发生的疫苗主要为免疫规划疫苗,且主要发生在小年龄组、首剂接种以及接种早期。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) in Qinghai Province in 2013 and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system. Methods The data of AEFI cases in 2013 were collected through China Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System, and the descriptive method was used to carry out epidemiological analysis on related indicators. Results In 2013, 149 cases of AEFI were reported in Qinghai Province, with a reported incidence of 0.57 / 1 million doses. In 149 cases, the male-female ratio was 1.37: 1, and the children ≤ 1 year old accounted for 33.56%. The cases are mainly concentrated in October, which is related to the intensive immunization activities of live attenuated measles measles vaccine. The three most prevalent AEFI vaccines were diphtheria combined vaccine, measles and rubella combined vaccine and meningitis group A vaccine. 69.80% of the first to second inoculation and 75.84% of the inoculation ≤1d. AEFI diagnostic classification of the general reaction accounted for 96.64%, anomalous reactions accounted for 2.68%, coupling accounted for 0.67%. Clinical damage to fever, swelling, induration based. 98.66% of the cases were cured or improved, only 2.68% of the cases were hospitalized. Conclusion The integrity and sensitivity of AEFI monitoring in Qinghai Province increased compared with 2010, but the quality of monitoring still needs to be improved. The vaccines that occur at AEFI are primarily immunization programs and occur predominantly in the younger age group, in the first dose, and in the early stages of vaccination.