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持续发展作为全人类共同的发展战略,其定义较为得到公认的是“在不损害未来世代满足其发展要求的资源基础的前提下的发展。”该定义倾向于将可持续性视为维持乃至改善人类福利的自然资源基础,也就是说,自然资源的丰量在发展中至少不应减少,以使未来世代至少能保持与当代人同样的产出。这一要求的本质是经济学的,它不要求停止消耗可耗竭资源,但要求这类资源储量的更新或替代;它不反对使用可更新资源,而要求使用以资源的再生能力为限;它不主张制止废物的排放,而主张使排放与环境自净能力之间达到平衡。一个不容忽视的隐含前提是人口基本处于静止状态。因为不言而喻,只有在人口静止时,维持资源总量不至减少才能确保未来世代人们的福利不至于下降,在人口增长的条件下,只有不断增加人类的资源基础才能做到这一点。因此在人口增长的情况下,持续发展是难以甚至是不可能实现的。
Sustainable development, as a common development strategy for all mankind, is generally well-defined as “development without prejudice to the resource base for future generations to meet their development needs.” This definition tends to regard sustainability as sustaining and even improving The natural resource base of human welfare, that is, the abundance of natural resources should at least not diminish in development so that future generations will at least retain the same output as contemporary generations. The essence of this requirement is that it does not require the cessation of depletion of exhaustible resources, but requires an update or replacement of such reserves; it has no objection to the use of renewable resources and requires the use of resources whose capacity for regeneration is limited; it It does not advocate stopping the emission of waste, but advocates a balance between emissions and self-purification of the environment. An implicit assumption that can not be ignored is that the population is basically at a standstill. It goes without saying that only when the population is at a standstill does not reduce the total amount of resources in order to ensure that the welfare of future generations will not be reduced. Under the conditions of population growth, human resources can only be continuously increased to achieve this. Therefore, in the case of population growth, sustainable development is difficult or even impossible to achieve.