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目的分析2008—2014年甘肃省武威市乙型肝炎流行病学特征,为制定预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2008—2014年武威市法定传染病监测系统中报告的乙型肝炎情况,了解其发病与流行病学特征。结果 2008—2014年武威市共报告乙型肝炎57 230例,其中死亡2例,年均发病率和死亡率分别为436.27/10万和0.15/100万,2008—2014年乙型肝炎发病率和乙型肝炎占病毒性肝炎构成比均呈逐年下降趋势;乙型肝炎全年各月均有病例发生,其中1—3月病例较多、而9—11月病例较少,各区(县)年均发病率由高到低依次为凉州区564.23/10万、古浪县374.48/10万、天祝县311.68/10万和民勤县182.78/10万,不同地区报告发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=6 813.138,P<0.05),2008—2014年报告病例男女比例1.45∶1,主要集中在20~49岁(64.45%),19岁以下和30~39岁人群报告比例逐年降低,报告发病职业构成前三位依次为农民(民工,65.95%)、学生(13.22%)和干部职员(离退休人员,5.27%),各年职业构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 804.384,P<0.05),学生、工人以及干部职员(离退休人员)报告发病比例呈降低趋势,而农民(民工)报告发病比例呈逐年增加趋势。结论武威市乙型肝炎报告发病率呈现下降趋势,但农民(民工)构成比例增加,应继续加强乙型肝炎疫苗的接种以及乙型肝炎的监测和控制。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Wuwei City, Gansu Province from 2008 to 2014, and provide reference for making prevention and control measures. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the hepatitis B reported in the surveillance system of legal infectious diseases in Wuwei City during 2008-2014 to find out its incidence and epidemiological characteristics. Results A total of 57 230 hepatitis B cases were reported in Wuwei City during 2008-2014, including 2 deaths, with an average annual morbidity and mortality of 436.27 / 100,000 and 0.15 / 1 million respectively. The incidence of hepatitis B in 2008-2014 and Hepatitis B accounted for the proportion of viral hepatitis showed a declining trend; Hepatitis B cases occur throughout the year, of which 1 to 3 months more cases, and fewer cases of 9-11, the district (county) years The morbidity was 564.23 / 100000 in Liangzhou District, 374.48 / 100000 in Gulang County, 311.68 / 100000 in Tianzhu County and 182.78 / 100000 in Minqin County, respectively. There was no significant difference in the reported incidence among different regions (χ2 = 6 813.138, P <0.05). The proportion of male to female reported in 2008-2014 was 1.45: 1, mainly between 20-49 years old (64.45%). The proportion of reported under-19 and 30-39 years old decreased year by year, The top three occupational diseases were peasants (65.95%), students (13.22%) and cadres (retirees, 5.27%). The occupational composition of each year was statistically significant (χ2 = 3 804.384, P < 0.05). The proportion of students, workers and cadres (retirees) reported a decreasing trend while the incidence of peasants (migrant workers) reported year by year Plus trend. Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei City shows a decreasing trend, but the proportion of peasants (migrant workers) is increasing. Hepatitis B vaccination and monitoring and control of hepatitis B should continue to be strengthened.