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一、问题提出 汉字的产生和书体的演变做为一种文化现象,无疑要以历史时期一定的物质文明为基础,各历史时期的物质文明状况也同样对书法有直接影响和制约。以往人们多认为文字的实用性是书体变异的内在驱动力,并以此诠释书体特征的形成原因和承递关系,即“作为应用工具的文字,由于社会生活日趋繁剧,不得不追求简易速成,草率急就。”“故篆书时代有草篆,隶书时代有草隶,楷书时代有行草。隶书是草篆变成的;草书是草隶变成的;行书是楷书变成的;章草是草隶,今草是草楷。”这种阐述较为符合史实,也已被人们接受。但与此同时,不同历史时期物质文明,具体地说是文字物质载体和表现工具对书体演变及书法特征的直接作用却至今一直未予足够重视。
First, the issue put forward the emergence of Chinese characters and the evolution of the book as a cultural phenomenon, no doubt to a certain period of historical material civilization as the foundation, the history of material civilization also have a direct impact on calligraphy and constraints. In the past, many people think that the practicality of writing is the intrinsic driving force of book variation, and in this way, it explains the formation reason and the delivery relationship of book features, that is, “the text as an application tool has to be pursued due to the increasingly complicated social life Simple and quick, slogan urgently. ”“ Therefore, the seal scriptures of the time, the official script era with grass, regular script period grass .Line book is made of grass seal; cursive is the cursive becomes; practice is a regular script into; Zhang grass is grass, this grass is grass Kai. ”This statement is more in line with historical facts, has also been accepted. At the same time, however, the direct effect of material civilization in different historical periods, specifically the literary material carriers and performance tools, on the evolution of calligraphies and calligraphic features has so far not been given sufficient attention.