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埃及是一个典型的伊斯兰国家,有近95%的人口信奉伊斯兰教,穆斯林人口数约为7850万,在全球穆斯林人口所在国中排第五。一年一度的斋月正朝与一年中不限次数的副朝是埃及人宗教生活中的大事。近年来,埃及的穆斯林朝觐数一直占据沙特外国穆斯林朝覲数的前列。埃及的朝觐管理工作在阿拉伯世界有一定的代表性,尤其是旅游朝觐的管理模式被许多国家效仿。但其朝觐事务中反映出的问题从本质上揭露了几十年来强人政治统治下的埃及积重难返的社会矛盾,以及积习难改的腐败不公。本文在对埃及国内朝觐管理工作进行梳理的基础上,分析共和国成立以来埃及朝觐管理部门的政策制定与调整情况,并对目前尤其是中东剧变爆发后埃及朝觐工作中存在的问题进行剖析。
Egypt is a typical Islamic country with nearly 95% of its population being Muslim. The Muslim population is about 78.5 million, ranking fifth in the world where the Muslim population is located. The annual Ramadan and the unofficial countless times of the year are major events in Egyptian religious life. In recent years, the number of Muslim hajjs in Egypt has been at the forefront of the number of foreign Muslims in Hajj in the country. The pilgrimage management work in Egypt is somewhat representative in the Arab world. In particular, the management mode of tourist pilgrimage is followed by many countries. However, the problems reflected in its pilgrimage have essentially revealed the social conflicts that have taken root in Egypt during decades under the mighty rule of man and the unfair corruption that has accumulated in the past. On the basis of combing the pilgrimage management in Egypt, this article analyzes the policy formulation and adjustment of the pilgrimage administration in Egypt since the founding of the Republic, and analyzes the existing problems in the pilgrimage of Egypt after the outbreak of the Middle East crisis.