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氮肥投入是保证世界粮食总产量不断增加的重要因素.如何在高投入集约化生产条件下,提高氮肥利用效率、减少氮肥损失及其带来的环境问题,是当前作物生产中面临的重要课题.高产高投入玉米生产体系中,硝酸盐淋失是氮肥损失的重要途径之一.本文论述了土壤硝态氮运移特点、玉米吸氮规律及土壤氮素有效性对根系生长的调节作用,提出了玉米氮高效理想根系构型.通过改良根系构型、增加深层土壤中根系分布,有可能减少氮素向深层的淋失,从而提高氮肥利用率,同步实现玉米高产与氮高效利用.
The input of nitrogen fertilizer is an important factor to ensure the world grain output is continuously increasing.How to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and its environmental problems under the conditions of intensive investment in intensive production is an important issue in current crop production. Nitrate leaching is one of the important ways of nitrogen loss in high-yield and high-input corn production system.This paper discusses the characteristics of nitrate transport in soil, the regulation of nitrogen uptake by corn and the regulation of soil nitrogen availability on root growth, By optimizing the root configuration and increasing the distribution of root system in deeper soil, it is possible to reduce the leaching of nitrogen to the deeper layer, thereby increasing the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and simultaneously achieving high yield and nitrogen efficient utilization of maize.