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目的了解咸宁市市售食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为制定食源性疾病控制的策略提供科学依据。方法按湖北省食品安全风险监测计划要求,2011—2015年采集9类市售的食品样品,依据计划提供的方法和国家标准方法对食品中致病菌进行分离与鉴定。结果 5年共监测样品1 432份,总检出率为14.53%(208/1 432);其中沙门菌为1.05%(15/1 432);金黄色葡萄球菌为4.96%(71/1 432);单核细胞增生李斯特菌为4.69%(52/1 108);蜡样芽孢杆菌为8.98%(68/757);阪崎肠杆菌为1.98%(2/101);大肠埃希菌O157:H7未检出。9类食品中致病菌阳性率最高的为婴幼儿食品(21.78%),其次为热干面(20.14%)和芝麻酱(18.99%)。9类食品中致病菌的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=35.181,P=0.000)。结论咸宁市主要食品遭受不同程度的致病菌污染,以婴幼儿食品遭受蜡样芽孢杆菌污染最为严重,生畜肉、热干面等也遭受到单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的污染。因此,有针对性的控制各类食品致病菌的污染,是防止食源性疾病暴发的重要措施。
Objective To understand the status of food-borne pathogens in Xianning food market and provide a scientific basis for the development of food-borne disease control strategies. Methods According to the requirements of Hubei food safety risk monitoring plan, nine kinds of food samples were collected from 2011 to 2015, and the pathogenic bacteria in food were isolated and identified according to the methods provided by the plan and the national standard methods. Results A total of 1 432 samples were detected in 5 years. The total detection rate was 14.53% (208/1 432), among which Salmonella was 1.05% (15/1 432), Staphylococcus aureus was 4.96% (71/1 432) ; Listeria monocytogenes was 4.69% (52/1 108); Bacillus cereus was 8.98% (68/757); Enterobacter sakazakii was 1.98% (2/101); Escherichia coli O157: H7 not detected. The highest positive rates of pathogens in 9 categories of foods were infant food (21.78%) followed by dried noodles (20.14%) and sesame sauce (18.99%). The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in 9 kinds of foodstuffs was statistically different (χ ~ 2 = 35.181, P = 0.000). Conclusions The main food in Xianning City is polluted by different degree of pathogenic bacteria, the most serious is the contamination of infant food with Bacillus cereus, the live meat, dry noodles and so on are also affected by Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus Pollution. Therefore, targeted control of various types of foodborne pathogens contamination is an important measure to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks.