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对中国普通小麦种质资源构建了初选核心种质。地方品种和选育品种分别构建。按栽培区(地理生态区)分组。地方品种按亚区分为28组,选育品种按大区分为10组。各组内在21个表型性状聚类的基础上,按平方根法取样,并依遗传多样性指数与遗传丰富度加以调整。提出在生产上或育种中起过重要作用的品种为必选材料。初步选定的材料经种植核对,淘汰错杂后,产生初选核心种质。地方品种全部供试材料11694份,初选核心种质3283份,取样比例为28.18％。选育品种全部11441份,初选核心种质1684份,取样比例为14.9％。计划经分子标记分析,最后核心种质的比例占全部种质的10％左右。根据全部材料21个性状遗传多样性指数测验,初选核心种质,除芒和壳两性状外,与全部种质的遗传差异均未达到显著水平。讨论了初选核心种质的构建方法。指出陕南鄂西山地和汾渭谷地是中国小麦地方品种遗传变异多样性的富集地。育成品种多样性程度以西南冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区为最高。
The primary core collection of common wheat germplasm resources in China was constructed. Local varieties and breeding varieties were constructed. According to the cultivation area (geographical ecological zone) grouping. The local varieties are divided into 28 groups by sub-region, and the breeding varieties are divided into 10 groups according to the large region. Based on the clustering of 21 phenotypic traits in each group, the samples were sampled by the square root method and adjusted according to the genetic diversity index and genetic richness. Proposed in the production or breeding played an important role in the varieties of the necessary material. Initial selection of materials by planting check, out of the wrong mix, resulting in primary core collection. 11694 copies of all the local varieties tested materials, primary core collection 3283, the sampling ratio was 28.18%. All the 11441 breeding varieties, 1684 primary core collection, the sampling ratio was 14.9%. The plan by molecular marker analysis, the last core collection accounted for about 10% of all germplasm. According to the genetic diversity index test of 21 traits of all materials, the primary core collection, except the two characters of mantle and shell, did not reach the significant level with the genetic diversity of the whole germplasm. Discussed the construction of primary core collection. It is pointed out that the mountainous areas in western Hubei and western Weihe and Fenwei are the enrichment sites for the genetic diversity of Chinese wheat landraces. The degree of diversity of bred varieties was highest in winter wheat area of southwestern China and Huanghuai winter wheat area.