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目的获取长沙市城乡社区不同人群高血压相关危险因素、综合干预、规范管理及控制效果基本数据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,9个区县各抽取一个社区(乡镇),每一社区随机抽取3个居委(村),每个居委(村)分组随机抽取35~65岁的常住居民30名,其中高血压患者组、高危人群组、健康人群组各10名;总计调查844名。结果超重和肥胖率(BMI≥24≥28)城区平均水平34.4%、7.9%;乡镇平均水平36.0%、12.5%;中心性肥胖率(腰围:女≥80 cm,男≥90 cm)乡镇患者组、城区高危组女性高于男性,性别差异有统计学意义(P≤0.01)。吸烟率城区24.5%~31.3%;乡镇44.6%~53.3%;高血压患者组血压控制优良率城区为31.3%,乡镇为8.4%。城乡社区比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论长沙市城乡居民存在多种高血压相关危险因素,在高血压患者规范管理、生活方式干预、血压控制优良率等方面城区显著好于乡镇(P<0.01)。全人群的高血压预防需要从健康的生活方式开始,乡镇社区应加速建立居民健康档案,利用各种体检机会筛查高血压患者,做到早期发现、早期采取综合干预措施和规范管理,努力使城乡高血压防控效果达到均衡水平。
Objective To obtain the basic data of hypertension risk factors, comprehensive intervention, standardized management and control effect in different population of urban and rural communities in Changsha. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted. One community (township) was selected from each of the nine districts and counties. Three community committees (villages) were randomly selected from each community. Each district (village) group randomly selected 35-65 years old Permanent residents 30, including hypertensive patients, high-risk groups, healthy population of 10; a total of 844 survey. Results The overweight and obesity rates (BMI≥24≥28) were 34.4% in urban areas and 7.9% in urban areas, 36.0% in towns and 12.5% in urban areas, and the central obesity rate (waist circumference: ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men) In urban high risk group, the female was higher than male, the gender difference was statistically significant (P≤0.01). Smoking prevalence was 24.5% -31.3% in urban areas and 44.6% -53.3% in townships. The blood pressure control rate in hypertension group was 31.3% in urban area and 8.4% in township. The difference between urban and rural communities was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion There are many risk factors associated with hypertension in urban and rural residents in Changsha. The urban areas are significantly better than those in villages (P <0.01) in terms of standard management, life style intervention and excellent rate of blood pressure control. Community-wide prevention of hypertension needs a healthy lifestyle. Township communities should speed up the establishment of residents’ health records, use various physical examination opportunities to screen hypertensive patients, make early detection, and adopt comprehensive interventions and standardized management in the early stages in an effort to make Urban and rural prevention and control of hypertension to achieve a balanced level.