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目的通过对河北省鼠疫自然疫源地生境主要宿主动物密度进行调查,为动物鼠疫的预防和控制提供参考。方法整理2000—2016年疫源地鼠疫监测点监测数据,进行统计分析。结果 2000—2016年在疫源地内的草滩、耕地(农田)、荒地、林带、人工草场、山坡等生境共调查单公顷样方2 979 ha,捕获长爪沙鼠3 536只,平均密度为1.19只/ha,达乌尔黄鼠1 811只,平均密度为0.61只/ha。各类生境中,长爪沙鼠密度在耕地和荒地较高分别为2.60和1.62只/ha,达乌尔黄鼠密度在草滩和山坡较高分别为0.90和1.05只/ha。结论在河北省鼠疫疫源地内耕地和荒地为长爪沙鼠的最适生境,草滩和山坡是达乌尔黄鼠的最适生境,鼠疫主要宿主动物在疫源地内各种生境中分布有所不同,在动物鼠疫防控和常规鼠疫监测工作中应重点关注长爪沙鼠和达乌尔黄鼠的最适生境。
Objective To investigate the density of major host animals in the plague natural foci of Hebei Province to provide reference for the prevention and control of animal plague. Methods The monitoring data of the plague surveillance sites in the epidemic areas from 2000 to 2016 were collected and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 2 979 ha of one hectare plot per hectare of grassland, cultivated land (farmland), wasteland, forest belt, artificial pasture and hillside in the epidemic area were collected during 2000-2016. A total of 3 536 gerbils were caught, with an average density of 1.19 Only / ha, 1 811 Daurian ground squirrels, the average density of 0.61 only / ha. In all habitats, the density of Mongolian gerbils was 2.60 and 1.62 ha / ha respectively in the arable land and the wasteland. The density of Daurian ground squirrels was 0.90 and 1.05 ha / ha respectively on the grassland and hillside. Conclusion Cultivated land and uncultivated land are the most suitable habitat for Mongolian gerbils in the plague foci of Hebei Province. The beach and hillsides are the most suitable habitat for Daurian ground squirrels, and the main host animals of plague are distributed in various habitats in the foci Different, in the prevention and control of animal plague and conventional plague monitoring should focus on the Mongolian gerbil and Dalmatila mouse optimum habitat.