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[目的]了解辽西地区(凌海、朝阳、兴城、绥中、葫芦岛市)布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)患病的影响因素,为进一步制定预防和干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]采用单纯随机抽样的方法对辽西地区牲畜饲养、贩买及采购、屠宰、兽医等职业人群进行问卷调查。对调查资料进行χ2检验及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。[结果]共调查职业人群1740人,其中布病患者98人,总患病率为5.63%。接触流产牲畜者患病率明显高于未接触者(P<0.001)。不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同职业人群布病患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。经χ2检验得出10个影响布病患病的可疑危险因素。经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,得出6个布病危险因素:饲养牲畜不进行免疫(OR=12.756)、不使用消毒液(OR=5.303)、不使用防护衣或手套(OR=3.265)、牲畜粪便不进行无害化处理(OR=3.129)、接触流产牲畜(OR=2.892)、购买牲畜不检疫(OR=2.549)。[结论]职业人群布病知识的缺乏及自我防护意识的淡薄,不良的生活习惯和行为是布病发生的主要原因。
[Objective] To understand the influencing factors of brucellosis in Liaoxi (Chaoyang, Chaoyang, Xingcheng, Suizhong and Huludao) and to provide scientific basis for further prevention and intervention measures. [Method] A simple random sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire survey on livestock breeding, buying and selling, slaughtering, veterinarian and other occupational groups in western Liaoning. Χ2 test and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis of survey data. [Results] A total of 1740 occupational groups were surveyed, including 98 brucellosis patients with a total prevalence of 5.63%. The prevalence of contact with abortion was significantly higher than that of non-contact (P <0.001). There were significant differences in the prevalence of brucellosis among different age groups, different education levels and different occupational groups (P <0.001). The χ2 test results in 10 suspicious risk factors affecting the prevalence of brucellosis. Six risk factors for brucellosis were obtained by multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis: no rearing (OR = 12.756), no disinfectant (OR = 5.303), no protective clothing or gloves (OR = 3.265) (OR = 3.129), no contact with aborted livestock (OR = 2.892) and no quarantine to purchase livestock (OR = 2.549). [Conclusion] The lack of knowledge about occupational diseases and the weak awareness of self-protection in occupational populations are the main reasons for the occurrence of brucellosis.