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Scientists point out that people get sick mostly because of genes， even those cancer patients， whomight have got gene mutation. Suppose there is a technique helping them cut those mutated genesand plant healthy ones， can we cure cancer？
Don't doubt. This technique is no longer a legend. It has existed as ；'Gene Scissor". Researchers ofChinese Academy of Sciences used it to cure the cataract genetic disease of white mice； and together withhis colleague， Professor Kamal Khalili of America has successively diminished potential AIDS virus withinhuman cells...
Here starts the magic of gene editing！
The Birth of¨Gene Scissors"
What is a gene scissor？ Researchesfound that bacterium have a strongimmune system： when virus fromoutside （phage） comes to infectthem， they use a enzyme （Cas9）within their body to cut the geneof it （phage）. In this case， outsidevirus （phage） will not be able to copy（reproduct） inside the bacterium，which equals to kill the virus （phage）directly， hence the bacterium will nolonger get sick.
Concerning this phenomena，32-year old US Doctor ZhangFeng （in Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology） invented a techniquecalled CRISPR/Cas9， which is alsonamed as gene editing technique.It can cut genes and form a set ofgene editing system. Maybe peoplecan choose "genetic operations"when getting sick in the future.
We know that people getsick mostly due to the genes. Forexample， people get cancer mostlybecause of gene mutation. If weuse CRISPR/Cas9 to cut thosemutated genes from our body andplant healthy ones instead， we willget the cancer completely cured.
Blossoming "Seientific Research Tide"
After the success of CRISPR/Cas9，thousands of relative laboratoriesaround the world began to use it tomake various researches， creatinga trend of studying gene editing.
For example， researchersin Kunming Institute of Zoology，China Academy of Science， usedthis technique to monkeys of twotypes （academic term called geneticmodification）. The later generationsafter the process are little monkeyswith 2 modifications of targeted gene.This task attracted the attention offoreign counterparts expert. And theessay was published on Americanmagazine， Cell.
With this technique，researchers in the Institute ofGenetics and DevelopmentalBiology， China Academy ofScience modified the genes ofrice and weed， studying on raisingseeds and gained great success.This task for the first time provedthe fact that CRISPR/Cas9 canbe used to make gene editing onplants. The essay was publishedon American magazine， NatureBiotechnology. What's more， researchers inShanghai Institute of Biochemistryand Cell Biology， China Academyof Science cured cataract geneticdisease of white mice， whichopened a new gate for diseasetreatment. The essay waspublished on American magazine，Cells . Stem Cells.
Darwn of AIDS Treatment
Director of Neural ResearchInstitute， Temple University，USA， Professor Kalmal Khaliliand his colleagues used geneediting technique for the first timecompletely diminished the potentialAIDS virus （HIV-1） in human cells.This achievement was publishedon American PNAS. Researchersthought that it is an important steptowards permanent cure of AIDS.Experts said that， "This is a thrillingdiscovery， though not prepared forclinical trials， it only proves that weare marching to the right direction."
Professor Khalili said， "SinceAIDS virus （HIV-1） will neverbe killed within human immunesystem， the only way to cure AIDSis to entirely cut the virus genesthrough gene editing technique."
Modifying Human Immune eells
According to the latest news，researchers in University ofCalifornia， San Francisco， USA， havesuccessively used CRISPR/Cas9 tomodify the T cells in human bodies.
T cell belongs to immunecells and can be stronger aftermodification. For example， whenAIDS virus are infecting humanbodies， they are using the CXCR4protein at the surface to infect T cellsto make them lose their lethality. Aslong as we modify T cells， makingCXCR4 0n its surface lose theirvitality， AIDS virus will no longer ableto infect T cells.
In the immune treatments ofcancer， this gene editing techniquecan successively close the PD-1protein， hence induce T cells attacktumors. By modifying T cells， thistechnique produces a new thoughtcuring immune diseases， cancerand AIDS of humans. Scientists arequite optimistic on this technique，because T cells circulate withinblood， which makes them able toreach many lesions. Meanwhilethey are easy to be collected frompatients' body and can be injectedback after modification. As a result，patients can get more precisetreatment. （This achievement isavailable on the PNAS， July， 2015）
CRISPR/Cas9 is a convenient，cheap， multi-functional， hignlyefficient new technique. Hence it isalso honored as "Magic Scalpel ofGenome Editing"
Don't doubt. This technique is no longer a legend. It has existed as ；'Gene Scissor". Researchers ofChinese Academy of Sciences used it to cure the cataract genetic disease of white mice； and together withhis colleague， Professor Kamal Khalili of America has successively diminished potential AIDS virus withinhuman cells...
Here starts the magic of gene editing！
The Birth of¨Gene Scissors"
What is a gene scissor？ Researchesfound that bacterium have a strongimmune system： when virus fromoutside （phage） comes to infectthem， they use a enzyme （Cas9）within their body to cut the geneof it （phage）. In this case， outsidevirus （phage） will not be able to copy（reproduct） inside the bacterium，which equals to kill the virus （phage）directly， hence the bacterium will nolonger get sick.
Concerning this phenomena，32-year old US Doctor ZhangFeng （in Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology） invented a techniquecalled CRISPR/Cas9， which is alsonamed as gene editing technique.It can cut genes and form a set ofgene editing system. Maybe peoplecan choose "genetic operations"when getting sick in the future.
We know that people getsick mostly due to the genes. Forexample， people get cancer mostlybecause of gene mutation. If weuse CRISPR/Cas9 to cut thosemutated genes from our body andplant healthy ones instead， we willget the cancer completely cured.
Blossoming "Seientific Research Tide"
After the success of CRISPR/Cas9，thousands of relative laboratoriesaround the world began to use it tomake various researches， creatinga trend of studying gene editing.
For example， researchersin Kunming Institute of Zoology，China Academy of Science， usedthis technique to monkeys of twotypes （academic term called geneticmodification）. The later generationsafter the process are little monkeyswith 2 modifications of targeted gene.This task attracted the attention offoreign counterparts expert. And theessay was published on Americanmagazine， Cell.
With this technique，researchers in the Institute ofGenetics and DevelopmentalBiology， China Academy ofScience modified the genes ofrice and weed， studying on raisingseeds and gained great success.This task for the first time provedthe fact that CRISPR/Cas9 canbe used to make gene editing onplants. The essay was publishedon American magazine， NatureBiotechnology. What's more， researchers inShanghai Institute of Biochemistryand Cell Biology， China Academyof Science cured cataract geneticdisease of white mice， whichopened a new gate for diseasetreatment. The essay waspublished on American magazine，Cells . Stem Cells.
Darwn of AIDS Treatment
Director of Neural ResearchInstitute， Temple University，USA， Professor Kalmal Khaliliand his colleagues used geneediting technique for the first timecompletely diminished the potentialAIDS virus （HIV-1） in human cells.This achievement was publishedon American PNAS. Researchersthought that it is an important steptowards permanent cure of AIDS.Experts said that， "This is a thrillingdiscovery， though not prepared forclinical trials， it only proves that weare marching to the right direction."
Professor Khalili said， "SinceAIDS virus （HIV-1） will neverbe killed within human immunesystem， the only way to cure AIDSis to entirely cut the virus genesthrough gene editing technique."
Modifying Human Immune eells
According to the latest news，researchers in University ofCalifornia， San Francisco， USA， havesuccessively used CRISPR/Cas9 tomodify the T cells in human bodies.
T cell belongs to immunecells and can be stronger aftermodification. For example， whenAIDS virus are infecting humanbodies， they are using the CXCR4protein at the surface to infect T cellsto make them lose their lethality. Aslong as we modify T cells， makingCXCR4 0n its surface lose theirvitality， AIDS virus will no longer ableto infect T cells.
In the immune treatments ofcancer， this gene editing techniquecan successively close the PD-1protein， hence induce T cells attacktumors. By modifying T cells， thistechnique produces a new thoughtcuring immune diseases， cancerand AIDS of humans. Scientists arequite optimistic on this technique，because T cells circulate withinblood， which makes them able toreach many lesions. Meanwhilethey are easy to be collected frompatients' body and can be injectedback after modification. As a result，patients can get more precisetreatment. （This achievement isavailable on the PNAS， July， 2015）
CRISPR/Cas9 is a convenient，cheap， multi-functional， hignlyefficient new technique. Hence it isalso honored as "Magic Scalpel ofGenome Editing"