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目的:通过对广东省曲江鼠形动物群落结构、寄生蚤的种类及病原学调查,确定该地是否存在鼠疫自然疫源性的可能。方法:采用逐日捕鼠法及密度调查方法,研究其种群结构及所携带的体表寄生蚤种类。鼠疫血清学和病原学检测方法参照国家标准(GB15991-1995)执行。结果:共捕获鼠形动物2目2科10种共1118只,其中野外生境捕获2目6种,以板齿鼠、青毛鼠为常见种;室内生境捕获2目4种共1049只,以褐家鼠、黄胸鼠为主。共捡获蚤类3种,家鼠体蚤染蚤率85%,以印鼠客蚤为主,其中印鼠客蚤指数为3.90。鼠疫病原学、血清学调查结果均为阴性。结论:广东省曲江地区野外生境鼠形动物种群丰富,室内生境较单一,但室内生境啮齿动物染蚤率和蚤指数较高。由于构成鼠疫自然疫源性疾病的主要宿主、媒介及地理景观等条件在当地存在,虽然鼠疫病原学和血清学调查结果为阴性,但不排除鼠疫自然疫源性的存在可能。为此必须制定长期的鼠类种群监测和灭鼠方案。
OBJECTIVE: To determine the existence of plague natural foci in the area by analyzing the structure of rat-shaped fauna and the species and etiological investigation of parasitoid fleas in Qujiang, Guangdong Province. Methods: The method of daily rat catch and density investigation was used to study the population structure and the species of parasitic fleas on the surface. Plague serology and etiological detection methods with reference to national standards (GB15991-1995) implementation. Results: A total of 1118 species of 2 species, 2 families and 2 species were captured in this study. Among them, 6 species of 2 orders were captured in the wild, and 2 species House mouse, yellow rat-based. A total of 3 species of fleas were collected, flea flea flea rate of 85%, mainly to Indian rat flea, which Indian passenger flea index 3.90. Plague etiology, serological survey results were negative. CONCLUSION: In the Qujiang area of Guangdong Province, there are abundant rodent species in the wild habitats, with a single indoor habitat. However, the rodent infected flea rate and flea index are higher in the indoor environment. Because of the presence of major hosts, media and geographical landscapes that constitute natural epidemic diseases of plague, although the results of the plague etiology and serological investigation are negative, the natural foci of plague may not be ruled out. For this purpose, long-term rodent monitoring and rodent control programs must be developed.