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城郊菜地由于连续大量施用肥料,使菜地土壤养分大量积累。为促进蔬菜对肥料充分利用,减少菜地土壤氮磷养分流失,以璧山县丁家镇芥菜种植基地(重庆城郊)为研究对象,采用不同厢沟配置方式,探讨其对芥菜产量及土壤氮磷含量的影响。结果表明:传统施肥量对城郊菜地土壤氮、磷养分存在积累现象。厢宽沟深4m×0.4m处理芥菜氮磷吸收量低于厢宽沟深3m×0.3m的处理,但其芥菜产量较高(52 046.85kg/hm2),且适合城郊紧张的土地利用方式;此外,厢宽沟深为4m×0.4m的处理土壤较疏松,含水量也高于其他处理,含水量为32.05%,能较好地提高土壤的有效养分,但同时也增加了城郊土壤氮磷的流失风险。菜地存在较轻程度的氮磷累积,其中氮素累积最多的为3m×0.3m处理,是种植前土壤氮含量的1.29倍;磷素累积最多的为4m×0.4m处理,是种植前土壤磷含量的1.17倍。
Suburban vegetable fields as a result of continuous large-scale application of fertilizers, so that a large number of vegetable soil nutrient accumulation. In order to promote the full utilization of fertilizers by vegetables and reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetable soils, the paper takes Dingxiang town of mustard planting base (suburban of Chongqing) of Bishan County as research object, Effect of phosphorus content. The results showed that there was accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of vegetable field in the suburbs with the traditional fertilization amount. The 4m × 0.4m carp width of Xiangguangou was lower than that of Xiangkuanggou 3m × 0.3m, but its mustard yield was higher (52 046.85kg / hm2), which was suitable for the tense land use in suburb. In addition, the depth of 4m × 0.4m in Xiangguangou was looser and the water content was higher than that of other treatments. The water content was 32.05%, which could improve the effective nutrients of soils, but also increased the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the suburbs The risk of loss. There was a slight accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the vegetable field, of which, the highest nitrogen accumulation was 3m × 0.3m, which was 1.29 times that of nitrogen before planting and the most phosphorus was 4m × 0.4m, which was the soil before planting 1.17 times the phosphorus content.