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目的:分析宁波市奉化区13~18岁在校青少年近视的流行病学现状及危险因素,为近视的预防提供科学依据。方法:分层整群随机抽取奉化区初中学校3所、重点高中及普通高中各2所,对抽中班级的所有学生进行视力检测和近视相关因素的问卷调查。利用二分类Logistic回归分析方法分析与青少年近视相关的危险因素。结果:初中935名学生近视检出率为71.02%,重点高中学生近视检出率为87.87%,普通高中学生近视检出率为76.38%,高中学生(重点高中+普通高中)近视检出率明显高于初中学生(P<0.001),且重点高中学生近视检出率高于普通高中学生(P<0.001)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,父母亲近视(OR=1.72)、不良用眼习惯(OR=1.40)、睡眠时间少于8小时(OR=1.40)是近视的危险因素,而做眼保健操、体育活动和睡眠是近视的保护因素。结论:重点高中学生近视检出率明显高于普通高中学生和初中学生,针对不同学校类型进行近视防治工作有重大意义。
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological status and risk factors of myopia of adolescents aged 13 ~ 18 years old in Fenghua, Ningbo, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of myopia. Methods: stratified cluster randomly selected three junior high schools in Fenghua district, two key high schools and two regular high schools. All pupils in the middle class were examined by visual acuity and related factors of myopia. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with myopia in adolescents. Results: The detection rate of myopia in 935 middle school students was 71.02%, the detection rate of myopia in key high school students was 87.87%, the detection rate of myopia in high school students was 76.38%, and the detection rate of myopia in high school students (key high schools + common high schools) was significantly (P <0.001), and the detection rate of myopia in key high school students was higher than that of ordinary high school students (P <0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ myopia (OR = 1.72), bad eye habit (OR = 1.40) and sleep time less than 8 hours (OR = 1.40) were the risk factors of myopia, while eye exercises and physical activities And sleep is a protective factor of myopia. Conclusion: The detection rate of myopia in key high school students is significantly higher than that of ordinary high school students and junior high school students. It is of great significance to carry out prevention and treatment of myopia for different school types.