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水下陆坡和坡麓沉积体系是大多数海相和许多湖相盆地充填的主要组成部分,它们构成了油气勘探和开发的主要目标。陆坡体系包括7种基本岩相单元:(1)浊积河道充填体,(2)浊积朵体,(3)席状浊积体,(4)滑动、坍塌和碎屑流作用形成的席状、朵状和舌状体,(5)细粒浊积充填和席状体,(6)等深流漂积物,(7)半远洋的披覆和充填物。所供应的沉积物粒度是河道和朵体形态,以及坍塌和碎屑流沉积的规模及其重要性的主要控制因素。硅质碎屑陆坡体系有两大类。建设性(异地)体系,包括冲积扇、扇裙和盆底河道,它们由来自上邻的三角洲、滨岸带、大陆架或冰川体系的再沉积物形成,异地体系的岩相结构是由输入到陆架边缘的沉积物结构及方式决定的。点状物源供应形成冲积扇;线状物源形成沿走向伸长的、称之为陆坡扇裙的陆坡沉积物。陆架边缘三角调为一特殊的共中心物源的几何形态,形成退覆的三角洲补给的扇裙。原地体系,包括退覆扇裙、峡谷充填物和巨大的坍塌复合体,记录了陆坡的改造和再沉积作用。
The subsurface slope and piedmont sedimentary system are the major components of the filling of most marine and many lacustrine basins, and they constitute the major targets of oil and gas exploration and development. The slope system consists of seven basic lithofacies units: (1) turbid water channel packs, (2) turbid turbid blocks, (3) matte turbid bodies, (4) slips, collapses and debris flows (5) Fouling of turbidites and fines, (6) Deep-stream sediments, (7) Semi-oceanic drape and fillings. The particle size of the sediments supplied is the main controlling factor for the size and importance of sediment and debris flow deposits in both river and blossoms. Siliceous debris slope system has two broad categories. Constructive (off-site) systems, including alluvial fans, fan skirts and basin channels, are formed by re-sediments from the upper neighbors delta, shoreline, continental shelf, or glacial system. The lithofacies structure of the off- The structure and mode of sediment at the edge of the shelf are determined. The source of the point source forms an alluvial fan; the source of the line-shaped source forms a slope deposit extending along the strike, termed a slope fan skirt. The triad at the edge of the shelf is shaped as a special concentric geometry of source material, forming a fan skirt of the delta recharge. In-situ systems, including de-fanning skirts, canyon fillings, and huge collapsible complexes, document the effects of slope alteration and redeposition.