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Objective:To investigate the effects of miR-24 on the expression of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and plasma nitric oxide (NO) level in rats.Methods:The miR-24 over-expression plasmid was constructed.Twenty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:miR-24 group and blank plasmid group.Rats were injected with plasmid DNA in saline via the tail vein.After eight weeks,the rat artery was removed and HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes.The protein expression and activity of eNOS were detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),respectively,and the NO level in plasma was determined by nitrate reduction assay.Results:Compared with the blank plasmid group,the expression and activity of eNOS as well as the NO production in the miR-24 group was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).No significant difference in the morphology of vascular tissue was noted between the two groups.Conclusion:Up-regulation of miR-24 inhibits the expression of eNOS and NO production in rat vascular tissue.It may provide a bio-target for the development of drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.