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目的 了解医学院校学生对儿童孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的认知现状及影响因素,为相关研究及政策措施制定提供理论依据.方法 选取重庆市及四川省3所医学院校的2 591名在读医学生为研究对象,自制儿童ASD问卷对其进行问卷调查.结果 研究对象的儿童ASD问卷总平均分为(13.24±3.51)分.不同专业、有无接触过ASD患儿的研究对象儿童ASD问卷得分比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).不同年龄、性别、学历的研究对象儿童ASD问卷得分比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).多因素直线回归分析结果显示:研究对象的年龄、性别及学历对儿童ASD问卷得分无明显影响(均P＞0.05),而学生的专业和之前接触过ASD患儿对儿童ASD问卷得分有显著影响(均P＜0.05).结论 医学院校学生对儿童ASD知识有一定了解,但仍然存在认知不足,应该加强相关知识的宣传及教育,提高医学院校学生对儿童ASD知识的了解和认识,将有助于ASD儿童的早期识别和康复,改善预后.“,”Objective To investigate the cognition status and influencing factors of childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among medical college students,provide a theoretical basis for related studies and decision-making.Methods A total of 2 591 medical college students were selected from three medical colleges in Chongqing and Sichuan.A self-designed ASD questionnaire was used for questionnaire survey.Results The total mean score of childhood ASD questionnaire was (13.24±3.51).There were statistically significant differences in the score of childhood ASD questionnaire among the medical college students of different majors,contacting ASD children or not (P＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the score of childhood ASD questionnaire among the medical college students of different age groups,genders,and education backgrounds (P＞0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age,gender,and education background had no significant impact on the score of childhood ASD questionnaire (P＞0.05).Major and contacting ASD children had significant impact on the score of childhood ASD questionnaire (P＜0.05).Conclusion Medical college students have some knowledge of childhood ASD,but they still need to be improved.Publicity and education of related knowledge should be enhanced to improve understanding and cognition of childhood ASD knowledge among medical college students,which contributes to early cognition and rehabilitation of ASD children to improve prognosis.