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统社会——农业社会与工业社会的治理方式,是以社会控制为目的,从占社会治理主导地位的角度,农业社会可称为权治,工业社会则称为法治。这二者治理模式都契合了相应的社会结构,权治符合农业社会低流动性、同质化的社会物质,法治则适应了工业社会低度复杂及高确定性的特征。而后工业化时代,社会发生了根本的变迁,显示出了高流动性、高复杂性和高风险性的特征,必须建构一种新的社会治理模式才能适应当前的社会。我们认为这种新治理模式就是德治,它不是传统中国的德治,因为传统中国的德治其实质仍是权治。后工业社会的德治,是法治之上的德治,不仅是个人修养及道德教化,而是以“德制”为基础的制度性安排。
Unified society - Agricultural society and industrial society governance approach is based on social control for the purpose of accounting for the dominant position of social governance, agricultural society can be called the rule of law, industrial society is called the rule of law. Both of these modes of governance fit into the corresponding social structure. The rule of power accords with the low mobility and homogeneity of agricultural society, and the rule of law adapts to the characteristics of low complexity and high certainty of industrial society. In the era of industrialization, social changes have taken place, showing the characteristics of high liquidity, high complexity and high risk. We must construct a new social governance model to adapt to the present society. We think this new mode of governance is the rule of virtue. It is not the rule of virtue of traditional China because the essence of the rule of virtue in traditional China is still the rule of law. The rule of virtue in the post-industrial society is the rule of virtue above the rule of law. It is not only an individual’s accomplishment and moral education, but an institutional arrangement based on “morality ”.