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在年雨量一定的情况下,地质条件对年径流量有重大影响.根据山西省流域内为不同地质、地貌条件代表站的实测资料分析,年雨量与年径流的关系随地质地貌条件不同而不同,同样地质地貌条件下,年径流又随年雨量的不同而不同.在变质岩区,岩石风化带及裂缝发育很浅,底部岩层透水性很小,地下水位高,清水常年不断,年径流系数在平年情况下为30—40%.在砂页岩区,如无特殊构造,地下水多高出河底,清水常流,唯不及变质岩丰富,年径流系数在平年情况下为20%.在石灰岩区,裂缝发育,喀斯特溶洞贯穿其间,水文情况复杂,有时大的集中泉水在该地区出露,地下水高出河床,水量半富,水源不受流域面积的影响,除去集中的溶洞泉水外,年径流系数在平年情况下约为20%;有的地下水位在地表以下数百米,虽同样地貌,但枯季断流,汛期洪水历时不长,年径流系数为8—12%.红土合粘量较多,透水性较弱,蒸发较大,故红土地区年径流系数在平年情况下约为15%左右.黄土地区透水性大,蒸发亦大,故平年年径流系数在士石山区为10%,丘陵及平原区为1—3%.此外,地层构造对年径流有很大影响,在河流穿过断层的地带,有的有大量泉水加入,有的又从断层漏走.本文通过丹河及漳河各干支流的计算实例并与实测资料验证,计算误差都在6%以内.初步结果:1.按地质地貌及气象条件来计算年径流量的方法能可靠地确定无资料地区年径流量,并可用来提高年径流等值线图的计算精度.2.本法在干旱而地质地形又很复杂的地区,具有现实意义.3.研究水利水保及森林措施对径流的影响,必须注意地质地貌的代表性.
Under the condition of constant annual rainfall, the geological conditions have a significant impact on the annual runoff.According to the measured data of representative stations in different geological and geomorphological conditions in Shanxi Province, the relationship between annual rainfall and annual runoff varies with the geological and geomorphological conditions In the same geomorphology and geomorphology, the annual runoff varies with the annual rainfall.During the metamorphic rock area, the rock weathered zone and fractures are very shallow, the permeability of the bottom rock formation is very small, the groundwater level is high, and the fresh water keeps constant all the year round.The annual runoff coefficient In the case of normal years, it is 30-40% .In the sand shale area, if there is no special structure, the groundwater is more than the bottom of the river, and the fresh water often flows, but less than the rich in metamorphic rocks. The annual runoff coefficient is 20% under the condition of the average. Limestone area, cracks develop, Karst caves run through it, hydrological conditions are complex, and sometimes large concentrated spring water is exposed in the area. Groundwater is higher than riverbed and the water is semi-abundant. The water source is not affected by the basin area. Annual runoff coefficient is about 20% in the case of normal years; some groundwater table hundreds of meters below the surface, although the same landscape, but the dry season off the flood season flood lasted not long, the annual runoff coefficient of 8-12% Viscosity The annual runoff coefficient is about 15% under normal conditions in the laterite area, and the water permeability in the loess area is large and the evaporation is also large, so the annual runoff coefficient is 10% in Shishishan area, Hilly and plains area 1-3% .In addition, the stratigraphic structure of the annual runoff have a great impact on the river through the fault zone, and some have a lot of spring water to join, and some from the fault leakage.Through Dan and The calculation examples of Zhanghe River’s various tributaries and verification with the measured data show that the calculation error is within 6%. Preliminary results: 1. The method of calculating annual runoff by geology, physiognomy and meteorological conditions can reliably determine the annual runoff , And can be used to improve the calculation accuracy of annual runoff contour map.2.This method is of practical significance in the area where the geology and the terrain are complicated by the drought and drought.3.It is necessary to pay attention to studying the impact of water conservancy and soil conservation and forest measures on runoff Geological and geomorphological representation.