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目的 研究进展期低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗后治疗反应及预后价值?方法 采用回顾性研究方法 ，收集福建省肿瘤医院胃肠外科2013年10月至2018年3月收治的直肠癌患者的临床资料，选择临床分期为T3~4N0或T1~4N+并行术前长程新辅助放化疗的低位直肠癌患者为研究对象?依据术后病理结果 ，将入组患者分为反应组及无反应组，对两组患者的近期疗效及长期生存结果 进行分析?主要观察指标:3年总生存期(overallsurvival，OS)?3年无复发生存期(relapse-freesurvival，RFS)?结果 入“,”Objective To study the therapeutic response and prognostic value of neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced low rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of rectal cancer patients treated in the Department of gastrointestinal surgery of Fujian cancer hospital from October 2013 to March 2018 were collected retrospectively. Patients with low rectal cancer with clinical stage T3-4N0 or T1-4N + and preoperative long-term neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were selected as the research objects. According to the postoperative pathological results， the patients were divided into reaction group and non reaction group. The short-term effi and long-term survival results of the two groups were analyzed. Main outcome measures: 3-year overall survival (OS) and 3-year relapse free survival (RFS). Results Forty-fi patients were enrolled， including 34 cases (75.56%) in the response group and 11 cases (24.44%) in the non response group. there are significant differences in ypT and ypN staging between the two groups after surgery (P<0.05).The 3-year RFs were 94.12% in the response group and 54.55% in the non response group (P=0.008). The 3-year OS was 97.06% in the response group and 81.82% in the non response group，respectively.The difference was not statistically significant (P =0.06). Conclusion Good response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the recurrence free survival rate of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer. Good response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy suggests a better prognosis.